Regenerative Medicine

1. Overview of Research

The long-term research goal of my laboratory is to develop translationally relevant therapies or diagnostics that improve musculoskeletal health. My research focuses largely on the central process of endochondral ossification, which is the mechanism of indirect bone formation by which cartilage transforms into bone during embryonic development, postnatal growth, fracture healing, and osteoarthritis. By studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of endochondral ossification, the laboratory aims to develop novel therapeutic strategies that can promote fracture repair or inhibit osteoarthritis. By utilizing interdisciplinary techniques that capitalize on engineering and developmental biology the laboratory aims to solve problems that will have a direct and significant impact on human health.

A portion of the laboratory is dedicated to investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of fracture repair. Our work in this area has pioneered new literature describing how cartilage cells (chondrocytes) become the osteoblasts that give rise to new bone during healing of long bones and the mandible.  Highlighted publications from this research are below:

1. “Stem cell derived endochondral cartilage stimulates bone healing by tissue transformation.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Density (JBMR), 2013 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2148.
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4802866/
2. “Cartilage to bone transformation during fracture healing is coordinated by the invading vasculature and induction of the core pluripotency genes.” Development, 2017 doi:10.1242/dev.130807
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5394763/
3. “Chronic psychosocial stress disturbs bone fracture healing via β-adrenoceptor signaling.” PNAS April 23, 2019 116 (17) 8615-862
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6486758/
4. “Porcupine-Independent Wnt/β-catenin Signaling is Required for Chondrocyte-to-Osteoblast Transformation during Endochondral Repair.” *co-submitting. 2020
   https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.986141v1
5. “Chondrocyte-to-Osteoblast Transformation in Mandibular Fracture Repair.” Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2020 Nov 3. PMID: 33140859
   https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jor.24904

Based on our mechanistic discoveries we aim to develop therapeutic strategies that promote bone regeneration by stimulating the endogenous mechanisms of endochondral ossification. Using this approach, often referred to as Developmental Engineering, the laboratory utilizes various biomaterials to deliver cells, proteins or genes products to promote a sequence of biological milestones that parallel native repair or prevent disease progression. Examples of our work in this area include

1. Rivera KO, Russo F, Boileau RM, Tomlinson RE, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Desai TJ, Bahney CS. β-“NGF promotes cartilage to bone conversion, accelerating endochondral fracture repair.” Nature Scientific Reports (2020) PMID: 33335129
   https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-78983-y
2. “The synergistic effect of micro-topography and biochemical culture environment to promote angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.” Acta Biomaterialia. Acta Biomater May 18 2015.
   https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1742706115000926?via%3Dihub
3. “Visible light photoinitiation of mesenchymal stem cell-laden bioresponsive hydrogels.” eCM Journal, Vol 22 2011, pages 43-55. PMID: 21761391. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21761391/
4. “A bioresponsive hydrogel tuned to chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells.” FASEB Journal, February 3 2011. PMID: 21282205.
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6188228/

2. Biography

Principal Investigator, Program Director for Bone Repair & Regenerative Therapeutics
Steadman Philippon Research Institute                    Email: cbahney@sprivail.org
181 West Meadows Drive, Suite 1000                    Office:   (970) 401-8748
Vail, Colorado 81657-5059                        

AFFILIATED POSITIONS
Associate Adjunct Professor, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Orthopaedic Trauma Institute
Affiliate Faculty, Colorado State University (CSU) Biomedical Engineering & Clinical Science
Core Faculty, UCSF/UC Berkeley Bioengineering                    
Faculty, UCSF Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Program
Faculty, UCSF Program of Craniofacial Biology
Member, UCSF P30 Core Center for Musculoskeletal Biology and Medicine (CCMBM)
Member, UCSF P30 Precision Medicine in Rheumatology (PREMIRE)

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Scientific Leadership & Service Positions

Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS)

• Chair, International Section on Fracture Repair - Feb 2021–Feb 2023
• Founding member, Innovation Commercialization Group - Jan 2020–Jan 2022
• Board of Directors, Chair of Communication Council - Mar 2018–Mar 2020
• Business Plan Competition, Steering Committee - Mar 2018–Mar 2019
• Chair, Advocacy Committee - Mar 2016–Mar 2018
• Chair, Scientific Research & Education, Fracture Repair Section (ISFR) - Aug 2016–Aug 2018
• Advocacy Committee - Mar 2014–Mar 2016
• Session Moderator - 2014-2018
• Research Interest Group Chair: Bone Regeneration - 2014-2016
• Abstract Reviewer (Biomaterials, Fracture, Cartilage, Regenerative Medicine) - 2013-2017

Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine International Society (TERMIS)

• Board of Directors, Treasurer - May 2019–Dec 2022
• Co-Chair, Business Plan Competition - 2020, 2022
• Session Moderator - 2016
• Abstract Reviewer - 2016

Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA)

• Strategic Research Initiative Committee - 2020–Sept 2023

AO Foundation
Craniomaxiofacial (CMF) R&D Commission - July 2021–July 2024

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BSc - University of Colorado, Boulder (CU)
Chemical Engineering (Major), Biochemistry (Minor)
Thesis: “Integration of tissue engineered neocartilage in articular cartilage defect.”
Mentors: Kristi Anseth & Stephanie Bryant

PhD - Oregon Health Sciences University (OHSU)
PhD, Stem Cell & Developmental Biology
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation
Dissertation: “Cartilage Engineering: Designing an Improved System for Effective Repair of Articular Cartilage Defects”
Mentor: Brian Johnstone
Collaborator: Jennifer West

Post-Doc - University of California, San Francisco & Berkeley
Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (UCSF) and Bioengineering & Material Science (Berkeley)
Mentors: Ralph Marcucio (UCSF) & Kevin Healy (UC Berkeley)

University of California Team Science Retreat - July 2014

US Bone and Joint Initiative (USBJI)–Young Investigator Program - April 2013–Oct 2014

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HONORS & AWARDS

• Best Basic Science Talk, ORS International Section of Fracture Repair Bi-Annual Meeting (Nov 2018)
• 2017 Mentor of the Year Award, UCSF School of Dentistry
• UCSF Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) Catalyst Consultation Award (Sept–Dec 2015)
• UC Team Science Retreat Selection (July 2014)
• Travel Award – American Academy of Anatomist (AAA) (April 2014)
• Post-doc Podium Award Finalist – American Academy of Anatomist (AAA) (April 2014)
• US Bone and Joint Initiative–Young Investigator Program (April 2013)
• New Investigator Research Award Finalist –Orthopaedic Research Society (Jan 2013)
• Best Talk–UC Systemwide Bioengineering Symposium (June 2012)
• Post-doc Poster Award Finalist – American Academy of Anatomist (AAA) (April 2012)
• Travel Award – American Academy of Anatomist (AAA) (April 2012)
• New Investigator Research Award Finalist –Orthopaedic Research Society (Jan 2012)
• Best Talk Award (2nd Place)–OHSU Student Research Forum, Portland OR (May 2010)
• Best Talk Award–OHSU Student Research Forum, Portland OR (May 2009)
• AAAS/Science Program for Excellence in Science Award (2009-20011)
• Best Poster Award–OHSU Developmental Biology Symposium, Portland OR (August 2008)
• Best Poster Award–OHSU Student Research Forum, Portland OR (May 2008)

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3. Current Program Research

1. Wnt Activating Mineral-Coated Microparticles to Promote Fracture Repair
   Collaborators: Nichole Ehrhart, Colorado State University; Bill Murphy, University of Wisconsin
   PhD Student: Anna-Laura Nelson
   The long-term goal of this project is to design and test a novel therapeutic platform for local activation of Wnt signaling using bioinspired microparticles to deliver ꞵ-catenin mRNA complexes to accelerate fracture repair. This proposal builds on recently published mechanistic work from our group demonstrating that the canonical Wnt pathway is required for the conversion of cartilage to bone during fracture repair. Therapeutically the Wnt pathway is challenging to manipulate because Wnt ligands are lipidated. Consequently, in this project we aim to develop an injectable RNA therapeutic complex that circumvents the need to deliver the ligand by directly activating canonical Wnt signaling through the transient, intracellular expression of a non-degradable ꞵ-catenin mRNA complex. Delivery of mRNA is an attractive tool recently popularized by the novel coronavirus vaccine that delivers genetic material without genomic integration. To date, broad application of mRNA-based therapeutic platforms has been limited due to challenges associated with limited mRNA stability, toxicity of delivery vectors and immunogenicity. Here we hypothesize that we can optimize mineral microparticles (MCM) as an injectable delivery platform for ꞵ-catenin mRNA complexes to promote endochondral fracture repair through controlled and local Wnt activation.
    
2. Identifying the superior ossification pathway for tissue engineered approaches to long bone repair.
   NIH-Funded Collaboration with Kent Leach, University of California, Davis.
   Current SPRI Staff: Kelsey O’Hara
   Tissue engineering approaches to repair skeletal defects typically use cells exhibiting an osteogenic phenotype, thus progressing through the intramembranous ossification pathway. However, this approach ignores endochondral ossification, as occurs during development and repair of long bones. This disconnect represents a potential explanation for poor or inconsistent outcomes for cell-based strategies that rely solely on osteogenic phenotype induction. Yet, endochondral tissue engineering approaches are limited by potential disease transmission of implanting allogeneic or xenogeneic cartilage grafts and extensive delays in tissue engineering of implantable cartilage. Thus, there is a critical need to determine the ossification pathway that results in superior long bone repair to guide tissue engineered strategies for effective bone regeneration.
    
3. Senolytic therapies to promote fracture repair in the elderly
   Collaborators: Johnny Huard, Sealy Hambright
   Current SPRI Staff: Victoria Duke, Matt Huard
   Fractures in the elderly population remain a significant public health challenge worldwide. 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men are expected to experience an osteoporotic fracture after age 50. Fractures in the elderly are further compounded by a decline in healing potential and increased rates of complication that lead to long-term morbidity, disability, and high mortality rates. Cellular senescence is an established hallmark of aging though to promote pathology via stem cell decline and induction of chronic inflammation through the release of proinflammatory factors as part of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cell accumulation, particularly immunosenescence, has been shown to be a fundamental property of aging that promotes several age-related morbidities including delays in fracture repair. However, to our knowledge, the use of senolytic therapies to selectively eliminate senescent cells to mitigate delayed fracture healing with aging has never been tested. As such, the long-term goal of this research proposal is to understand how cellular senescence contributes to delayed fracture healing and test whether senolytic therapy can mitigate age-related delays in bone repair. Our central hypothesis is that local and systemic accumulation of senescent cells contributes mechanistically to the age-related decline in fracture healing observed in the elderly population and that this can be pharmacologically mitigated through senolytic intervention.
    
4. Nanowire delivery of painless NGF to promote endochondral fracture repair
   Collaborators: Tejal Desai, UCSF; Chengbaio Wu, UCSD
   Current SPRI Staff: Kelsey O’Hara
   Fractures are one of the most common injuries worldwide with an estimated 15 million fractures each year in the United States alone. Complications in bone healing, such as delayed and non-unions, are estimated to occur in approximately 10–15% of fractures. Delayed healing rates increase to ~50% when the fracture involves vascular damage or are coupled with high co-morbidity burdens. Current standard of care for impaired healing is surgical intervention to increase stability or promote healing through application of bone grafts. There are currently no pharmacological agents approved to accelerate fracture healing or treat malunions. As such, there exists an unmet clinical need for osteoinductive therapeutics that could stimulate bone regeneration through a non-surgical delivery platform. This proposal builds on recently published work from our group demonstrating that Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) given therapeutically during the cartilaginous phase of fracture repair promoted endochondral ossification and accelerated fracture healing. While NGF has not been rigorously studied in long bone fractures, NGF is well established as a potent regenerative factor within the central and peripheral nervous system. Multiple clinical trials suggested a therapeutic potential for NGF in treating Alzheimer’s disease and neuropathies, but the therapy failed to translate due to pain (hyperalgesia) noted upon injection. Recently, our team has isolated a novel NGF isoform identified from patients that lack nociception due to a point mutation in the protein (NGFR100W) that fails to transduce pain through an inability to activate the p75NTR signaling pathway. Since NGFR100W retains TrkA mediated trophic activity, this “painless” NGF presents an exciting opportunity to revisit the translational potential of NGF. The long-term goal of this grant is to develop and validate a translationally relevant, non-surgical, therapeutic platform to accelerate fracture repair based on the use of biodegradable nanowires to provide local and sustained release of “painless” NGF.
    
5. Novel Biomarker to Detect Progression of Bone Healing
   Collaborators: Zach Working, OHSU. Ted Miclau, UCSF.
   Current SPRI Staff: Kelsey O’Hara, Kaitie Whitney
   There exists a clinical need for a reliable method to diagnosis fracture healing progression. Approximately 15 million fracture injuries occur each year in the United States. An estimated 10–20% of fractures across the healthy population result in delayed healing or non-union; however, non-union rates increase to ~50% when coupled with vascular damage or a high co-morbidity burden. Currently, there are no standardized methods for measuring fracture repair. Physicians rely on subjective physical examinations and qualitative X-rays that are restricted to detection of mineralized tissue. Since the majority of fractures heal predominantly through a cartilage intermediate, these tools are limited in their diagnostic utility. Prior to converting to bone, cartilage undergoes hypertrophic maturation, which is characterized biologically by the presence of a provisional type X collagen extracellular matrix. Collagen X is not normally expressed by skeletally mature, healthy adults, and therefore its expression pattern is distinctive from baseline during bone repair. The long-term goal of this research is to validate a bioassay to measure a marker of collagen X for quantitative assessment of fracture biology and healing progress. We recently published the development of this bioassay in Science Translational Medicine, demonstrating repeated and reliable measurement of the intact trimeric non-collagenous 1 domain of collagen X in serum (“CXM”) using a simple finger prick assay to collect peripheral blood. In this paper we provide proof-of-concept data for fracture healing through a limited case studies series. Our current, expanded data set establishes strong evidence that this bioassay can measure CXM during fracture healing in both an animal model and in humans, and that [CXM] in serum is temporally related to the progress of fracture healing. Our ongoing clinical study seeks to expand these preliminary data by studying collagen X levels in a large, longitudinal fracture-care cohort and testing the ability of the CXM biomarker to detect poor bone healing. We therefore propose the central hypothesis that monitoring of serum collagen X concentrations ([CXM]) will correlate with fracture healing and reveal aberrant fracture healing through changes in the shape of the concentration vs time curve.
    
6. Clinical Fellow Research
   Our laboratory also supports the basic science research questions of our clinical collaborators, sports medicine fellows, and international scholars programs in The Steadman Clinic.

4. GRANTS & FELLOWSHIPS

CURRENT

NIH R01 - Leach                        
May 2021–April 2026
Role: Co-Investigator
Title: “Determining the preferred ossification pathway”

Shannon Network (Philanthropy) - Huard/Bahney                    
Jan 2021–Dec 2021
Role: Co-PI
Title: “Therapeutic activation of fracture healing using mineral coated microparticles (MCM) to deliver mRNA optimized to activate chondrocyte to osteoblast transformation”

ON/ORS Kick-Starter Grant (Scaffold) - Bahney                        
Jan 2021–Dec 2021
Role: PI/Mentor (student/trainee = Anna Laura Nelson)
Title: “Accelerate fracture healing in aging using novel mRNA delivery platform to transiently activate b-catentin”

AO ARI Feasibility Study                Stoddart                    
Jan 2021–July 2021
Role: Co-Investigator
Title: Monolayer Driven Secretome Changes

OREF New Investigator Grant                                                   
June 2020–July 2021
Role: Mentor (PI: Working)
Title: Quantification of Fracture Healing using Novel Collagen X Bioassay

NIH NIDCR (1F31DE028485-01A1), Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award        
Apr 2019–Apr 2021
Role:   Rivera (PhD Candidate), Bahney/Desai (Co-Sponsor)
Title:   Local Delivery of Neurogenic Factors via Polymeric Microparticles for Enhanced Endochondral Bone Repair in the Mandible


PAST

National Science Foundation (NSF, IIIP Accelerating innovative research)
Aug 15, 2017–Jan 31, 2020
Role: Co-PI (Herfat, Mahabritz)
Title: Development of a Diagnostic Device for Monitoring Fracture Healing

UCSF Core Center of Musculoskeletal Biology and Medicine (CCMBM) Pilot Grant                 
Jan 2019–Dec 2019
Role: Co-PI (Desai/Bahney)
Title: Local Delivery of NGF via PEGDMA Microrods for Accelerated Bone Fracture Repair

AOTrauma North America Research Fellow Grant                                   
Nov 15, 2017–Aug 31, 2019
Role: Mentor (PI: Working)
Title: Bioassay for Accurate Diagnosis of Fracture Healing.

UCSF Core Center of Musculoskeletal Biology and Medicine (CCMBM) Pilot Grant                  
July 2017–June 2019
Role: PI
Title: Biomodal regulation of LIF for regulating chondrogenic fate

UCSF Department of Orhopaedic Surgery NOVA Award (New Orthopaedic Vision Award)             
Mar 2018-Mar 2019
Role: PI
Title: Preclinical validation of collagen X bioassay to monitor fracture progression

Organovo Cell Printing Research Grant                                     
May 1, 2016–April 30, 2018
Role:  Multi-PI
Title: 3D Bioprinting Endochondral Grafts

AO Foundation Start-Up Grant                                                  
June 1, 2015–May 30, 2018
Role:  PI
Title: Promoting vascularized bone regeneration with endochondral cartilage grafts

National Institute of Arthritis and Skin (NIAMS, R21)                                  
April 2015–Dec 2017
Role: Co-I/Key Personnel
Title: A Murine Model of Polytrauma: Understanding the molecular basis of accelerated bone repair with concomitant traumatic brain injury.

UCSF Center for Disruptive Musculoskeletal Innovation (CDMI) Award                          
Aug 2014–Oct 2017
Role:  PI
Multi-PI Partners: Safa Herfat & Meir Marmor
Title: Development of a Novel Impedance Sensor to Monitor Fracture Healing

Foundation of Orthopaedic Trauma (FOT)                                             
Oct 2014–Oct 2017
Role: PI
Title: Innervation during fracture repair: exploring functional mechanisms and innovative therapeutic repair strategies.

UCSF Catalyst Award                                            
March 1, 2015–June 30, 2017
Role: PI
Title: OsteoNova: Tissue Engineering Approach to Translating Endochondral Bone Regeneration

UCSF CTSI-Strategic Opportunities Support (SOS) Program                                  
July 1, 2015–June 30, 2016
Role:  PI
Title: Bioactive cartilage matrix based scaffold engineered to promote vascularized bone regeneration

UCSF P30 in Musculoskeletal Biology and Medicine–Pilot Grant                             
July 1, 2015–June 30, 2016
Role:  PI
Title: Characterizing the bioactivity of devitalized cartilage for tissue engineered matrices

Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (MTF) Junior Investigator Grant                                         
Jan 2012–June 2015
Role: PI (A119062)
Title: Bioresponsive scaffold designed to promote bone regeneration through a cartilage intermediate

Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NIH F32)                                   
Mar 2012- Mar 2014
Role: PI (1F32AR062469-01)
Title: Tissue Engineering Application of Endochondral Ossification for Bone Regeneration

Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA)                                                   
Dec 2011–Dec 2013
Role: PI (Theodore Miclau, Co-PI)
Title: Novel therapeutic approach to improve bone healing by increasing vascularity of a fracture site through the application of trophoblast stem cells

GEMS-CSTI, UCSF                                                           
Feb 2011–Feb 2012
Graduate Education in Medical Sciences (GEMS) & Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CSTI)    
Role: Post-doctoral Training Award
Title: Bone grafting strategies to promote tissue regeneration through endochondral ossification

Gerlinger Research Award, OHSU
Jan 2009–Jan 2011
Role: Co-investigator (Brian Johnstone PI)
Title: Influence of chondrocytes on mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration

Tarter Research Fellowship, OHSU                                                       
July 2009–July 2010
Role: Pre-doctoral Trainee
Title: Bioresponsive Hydrogels for Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

OSHU Training Grant                                                           
Sept 2009–Sept 2010
Role: Pre-doctoral Trainee, NIH T32 Training Grant

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5.   Publications

Complete List of Published Work:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Bahney%20CS[Author]&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=26737448

RESEARCH MANUSCRIPTS

1. Rivera KO, Russo F, Boileau RM, Tomlinson RE, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Desai TJ, Bahney CS. “β-NGF promotes cartilage to bone conversion, accelerating endochondral fracture repair.” Nature Scientific Reports (2020) PMID: 33335129
   https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-78983-y
    
2. Wong SA, Hu DP, Slocum J, Nguyen M, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Bahney CS. “Chondrocyte-to-Osteoblast Transformation in Mandibular Fracture Repair.” Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2020 Nov 3. PMID: 33140859
   https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jor.24904
    
3. Wong SA, Shao T, Niemi E, Morales M, Barruet E, Boozarpour O, Hu DP, Miclau T, Hsiao EC, Nakamura M, Bahney CS*, Ralph S Marcucio*. “Porcupine-Independent Wnt/β-catenin Signaling is Required for Chondrocyte-to-Osteoblast Transformation during Endochondral Repair.” *co-submitting.
   https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.986141v1
    
4. Crawford M, Hellwinkle J, Akamefula R, Singleton T, Bahney CS, LaPrade RC. “Revisiting Arnoczky: Measuring the Microvascular Anatomy and Intrinsic Gene Expression of Young Adult Menisci.” AM Journal of Sports Medicine 2020 Nov;48(13):3147-3153.  PMID: 33044839
    
5. Working ZM, Morris ER, Chang JC, Coghlan RF, Schweitzer R, Miclau T, Horton W, Bahney CS. “Quantitative Serum Biomarker of Endochondral Ossification Effectively Correlates with Fracture Healing Progression.” Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2020 Jun 13.  PMID: 32533783
   https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jor.24776
    
6. Morioka KM, Marmor Y, Sacramento JA, Amity L, Shao T, Miclau KR, Clark D, Beatie MS, Marcucio RS, Miclau T, Ferguson AR, Bresnahan JC, Bahney CS. “Differential fracture response to traumatic brain injury suggests dominance of neuroinflammatory response in polytrauma.” Nature Scientific Reports 9, 12199, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48126-z (2019).
   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31434912/
    
7. Haffner-Luntzer M, Foertsch S, Fischer V, Prystaz K, Tschaffon M, Mödinger Y, Bahney CS, Marcucio RS, Miclau T, Ignatius A. “Chronic psychosocial stress disturbs bone fracture healing via β-adrenoceptor signaling.” PNAS April 23, 2019 116 (17) 8615-862
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6486758/
    
8. Lin MC, Hu DP, Marmor M, Herfat ST, Bahney CS*, Maharbiz MM*. *co-contributing/senior. “Smart Bone Plates can Monitor Fracture Healing.” Nature Scientific Reports (2019) 9:2122 doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37784-0
   https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-37784-0
    
9. Coghlan RF, J.A. Oberdorf JA, Sienko S, Aiona MD, Boston BA, Connelly KJ, Bahney CS, LaRouche J, Almubarak SA, Coleman DT, Girkontaite I, von der Mark K, G.P. Lunstrum GP, W.A. Horton WA. “A degradation fragment of type X collagen is a real-time biomarker for bone growth velocity.” Science Translational Medicine Dec 6;9 2017 (419). doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan4669.
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6516194/
    
10. Lin MC, Yan F, Herfat ST, Bahney CS, Marmor M, Maharbiz MM. “New Opportunities for Fracture Healing Detection: Impedance Spectroscopy Measurements Correlate to Tissue Composition in Fractures.” Journal of Orthopaedic Research. doi: 10.1002/jor.23570.
     
11. MacBarb R, Lindsey DP, Bahney CS , Woods SA, Wolfe ML, Yerby SA. “Fortifying the Bone-Implant Interface Part 1: An In Vitro Evaluation of 3D-Printed and TPS Porous Surfaces.” International Journal of Spine Surgery. Vol 11, issue 3. 2016 Doi:10.14444/4015
     
12. Hu DP, Ferro F, Yang F, Taylor AJ, Chang W, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Bahney CS. “Cartilage to bone transformation during fracture healing is coordinated by the invading vasculature and induction of the core pluripotency genes.” Development 2017 doi:10.1242/dev.130807
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5394763/
     
13. Bahney CS, Jacobs L, Tamai R, Hu DP, Wang M, Park M, Limburg S, Kim HT, Marcucio, RS, Kuo AC.  “Promoting endochondral bone repair using osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes.” Tissue Engineering Part A. 2016 Mar;22(5-6):427-35. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2014.0705.
     
14. Lin MC, Herfat ST, Bahney CS, Marmor M, Maharbiz MM. “Impedance spectroscopy to monitor fracture healing.” Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015 Aug;2015:5138-5141. PMID: 26737448
     
15. Song S, Kim EJ, Bahney CS, Miclau T, Marcucio RS, Roy S. “The synergistic effect of micro-topography and biochemical culture environment to promote angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.” Acta Biomaterialia. Acta Biomater May 18 2015 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1742706115000926?via%3Dihub
     
16. Bahney CS, Hu DP, Taylor AJ, Ferro F, Britz, HM, Hallgrimsson B, Johnstone B, Miclau T, Marcucio RS. “Stem cell derived endochondral cartilage stimulates bone healing by tissue transformation.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Density (JBMR), 2013 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2148.
    • Article highlighted in Nature News & Views: K Nishitani & EM Schwarz: “Regenerative medicine: Cartilage transplants hold promise for challenging bone defects.” Nature Reviews Rheumatology.  Published online 14 January 2014. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2013.216
    • Article selected for F1000 prime as being of special significance in its field by Ivan Martin. DOI: 10.3410/f.718183864.793491877
    • Article selected for F1000 prime as being of special significance in its field by Frank Berry.  DOI: 10.3410/f.718183864.793494715
17. Yu YY, Hu DP, Bahney CS, Miclau T, Marcucio RS. “Creating rigidly stabilized fractures for assessing intramembranous ossification, distraction osteogenesis, or healing of critical sized defects.” J Vis Exp. Apr 11 2012. https://www.jove.com/v/3552/creating-rigidly-stabilized-fractures-for-assessing-intramembranous
     
18. Bahney CS, Lujan TJ, Hsu CW, Bottlang M, West JL, Johnstone B. “Visible light photoinitiation of mesenchymal stem cell-laden bioresponsive hydrogels.”  eCM Journal, Vol 22 2011, pages 43-55
     
19. Bahney CS, Hsu CW, West JL and Johnstone B. “A bioresponsive hydrogel tuned to chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells.” FASEB Journal, February 3 2011. PMID: 21282205. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6188228/
     
20. Lujan TJ, Wirtz KM, Bahney CS, Madey SM, Johnstone B, Bottlang M. “A Novel Bioreactor for the Dynamic Stimulation and Mechanical Evaluation of Multiple Tissue Engineered Constructs.” Tis Eng Part C, Oct 18 2010.
     
21. Buxton A*, Bahney CS*, Yoo JU, Johnstone B. (*co-first authors) “Influence of cell density and bioactive factors on the chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells in hydrogels.” Tis Eng Part A, August 29 2010.

BOOK CHAPTERS, REVIEW ARTICLES, TECHNICAL METHODS, POSITION PAPERS

1. Gresham RC, Bahney CS, Leach, KJ. “Growth factor delivery using extracellular matrix-mimicking substrates for musculoskeletal tissue engineering and repair.” Bioactive Materials 2020 Dec 24;6(7):1945-1956.  PMID: 33426369
   https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X2030339X?via%3Dihub
    
2. Liebig BE, Kisiday JD, Bahney CS, Ehrhart NP, Goodrich LR. “Platelet-rich plasma and bone healing: A review of PRP’s therapeutic effects on osteogenesis.” Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2020 Dec;38(12):2539-2550. PMID: 32589800
    
3. Hellwinkel JE, Miclau T, Provencher MT, Bahney CS, Working ZM. “The Life of a Fracture: Biologic Progression, Healing Gone Awry and Evaluation of Union.” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2020 Nov;48(13):3147-3153.  doi: 10.1177/0363546520961555. PMID: 33044839
    
4. Bahney CS, Zondervan R, Allison P, Theologis A, Ahn J, Miclau T III, Marcucio R, Hankenson KD. “The cellular biology of fracture healing.” Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2018 Oct 28 doi.org/10.1002/jor.24170 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6542569/
    
5. Bragdon BC & Bahney CS. “Origin of Reparative Stem Cells in Fracture Healing.” Current Osteoporosis Reports 2018 Aug;16(4):490-503. doi: 10.1007/s11914-018-0458-4.
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6041151/
    
6. Wong SA, Rivera KO, Miclau T, Alsberg E, Marcucio RS, Bahney CS. “Microenvironmental Regulation of Chondrocyte Plasticity in Endochondral Repair–a New Frontier for Developmental Engineering.” Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology: Understanding and Modulating Bone and Cartilage Cell Fate for Regenerative Medicine. 2018 May 15; 6:58. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00058.
   https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00058/full
    
7. Miclau KR, Brazina SA, Bahney CS, Hankenson KD, Hunt KD, Marcucio RS, Miclau T. “Stimulating Fracture Healing in Ischemic Environments: Does Oxygen Direct Stem Cell Fate during Fracture Healing?” Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, May 2017.  doi: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00045
    
8. Bahney CS, Bruder S, Cain JD, Keyak J, Killian M, Shapiro I, Jones LC. “Accelerating the pace of discovery in orthopaedic surgery: A vision towards team science.” J Orthop Res. 2016 May 24. doi: 10.1002/jor.23307.
    
9. Almubarak S, Nethercott H, Freeberg M, Beaudon C, Jha A, Jackson W, Marcucio R, Healy KE, Bahney CS. “Tissue Engineering Strategies for Promoting Vascularized Bone Regeneration.” Bone. (2015) Nov 19;83:197-209. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.11.01
    
10. Marcucio RS, Nauth A, Giannoudis PV, Bahney CS, Musheler G, Piuzzi NS, Miclau, T. “Stem Cell Therapies in Orthopaedic Trauma.” J Orthop Trauma.  (2015) Dec;29 Suppl 12:S24-S27. PMID: 26584262
     
11. Giannoudis PV, Hak D, Sanders D, Donohoe E, Tosounidis T, Bahney C. “Inflammation, Bone Healing and Anti-inflammatory Drugs: An update.” J Orthop Trauma. (2015) Dec;29 Suppl 12:S6-S9. PMID: 26584270
     
12. Bahney CS, Hu D, Miclau T, Marcucio R. “The multifaceted role of the vasculature in endochondral fracture repair.” Frontiers in Endocrinology 6: 4. DOI:10.3389/fendo.2015.00004
    https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2015.00004/full
     
13. Bahney CS & Marcucio R. “Cartilage Grafts,” in Bone Substitute Biomaterials, Kajal Mallick ed. Woodhead Publishing Limited. (2014) Chapter 9, page 219-233.  ISBN 978-0-85709-497-1
     
14. Ferro F, Bahney CS, Spelat R. “Three-dimensional (3D) Cell Culture Conditions: Present and Future Improvements.” Razavi Int J Med.  (2014) May; DOI: 10.5812/rijm.17803
     
15. Ferro F, Spelat R, Bahney CS. “Dental Pulp Stem Cell Isolation” in Methods in Molecular Biology, John M. Walker ed. Human Press. (2014) ISBN: 1064-3745. DOI:10.1533/9780857099037.3.219.
     
16.  Bahney CS & Miclau T. “Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Orthopaedics.” (2012) Indian Journal of Orthopaedics, Vol 46, Issue 1, Jan-Feb.
     
17. Shields CA, Schecter DA, Tetzlaff P, Baily AL, Dycus S, Cosgriff N. “Method for Creating Ideal Tissue Fusion in Soft Tissue Structures Using Radio Frequency (RF) Energy.” Surg Tech International VIII, Spring 2005